Beyond Endurant Types

Tonto is not limited to standard endurant class modeling. It also includes perdurants and higher-order types.

Events

Use event for occurrences that unfold in time:

event SoccerMatch

kind Person
historicalRole Player specializes Person

@participation relation SoccerMatch [1] -- hasPlayer -- [2..*] Player

Situations

Use situation for a state of affairs at a time:

situation RegistrationOpen
situation CourseFull

Situations are useful when the model needs to represent the existence of a state, not only the endurant objects participating in it.

Processes

Use process for ongoing perdurants:

process CourseDelivery
process EnrollmentReview

Higher-order types

Use type and powertype for multi-level modeling:

kind Ship

powertype ShipType

@instantiation relation Ship [0..*] -- instantiates -- [1] ShipType

Modeling guidance

• Use event when temporal participation is central to classification.
• Use historicalRole when a role is grounded in a past event.
• Use type or powertype when the domain talks about types as domain individuals.
• Add labels and descriptions to make the modeling level explicit to reviewers.